music hindi

Project MUSE - Asian Music - Hindi Poetry in a Musical Genre: Thumri Lyrics (review) Project MUSE Journals Asian Music Volume 39, Number 2, Summer/Fall 2008 Hindi Poetry in a Musical Genre: Thumri Lyrics (review) Asian Music Volume 39, Number 2, Summer/Fall 2008 E-ISSN: 1553-5630 Print ISSN: 0044-9202 DOI: 10.1353/amu.0.0006 Reviewed by Amanda WeidmanBryn Mawr College Hindi Poetry in a Musical Genre: Thumri Lyrics. Lalita du Perron. London and New York: Routledge, 2007. 234 pp. (127 pp. of text; 77 pp. of lyrics with transliteration and translation) with photographic plates, glossary. The classical music traditions of India, as we know them today, are the result of a process of selection from and redefinition of a variety of musical traditions from the subcontinent, often practiced by and identified with different communities. Prior to the 20th century, much musical tradition and knowledge was located in communities of hereditary women artists -- the tawaifs [courtesans] associated with the courts of Lucknow and other North Indian courts, or the devadasis, associated with Hindu temples in South India. Despite the rather different milieus they occupied, tawaifs and devadasis had in common the fact that they were highly educated musicians and dancers who did not marry, but had relationships...

Bollywood (Hindi: ???????, Urdu: ???? ??) is the informal term popularly used for the Mumbai-based Hindi-language film industry in India. The term is often incorrectly used to refer to the whole of Indian cinema; it is only a part of the Indian film industry.[1] Bollywood is the largest film producer in India and one of the largest in the world.
The name is a portmanteau of Bombay (the former name for Mumbai) and Hollywood, the center of the American film industry. However, unlike Hollywood, Bollywood does not exist as a real physical place. Though some deplore the name, arguing that it makes the industry look like a poor cousin to Hollywood, it seems likely to persist and now has its own entry in the Oxford English Dictionary.

Bollywood is commonly referred to as Hindi cinema, even though "Hindustani", understood as the colloquial base common to both Hindi and Urdu, might be more accurate. There has been a growing presence of Indian English in dialogue and songs as well. It is not uncommon to see films that feature dialogue with English words and phrases, even whole sentences. There is a growing number of films made entirely in English.[5]

Raja Harishchandra (1913) was the first silent feature film made in India. It was made by Dadasaheb Phalke. By the 1930s, the industry was producing over 200 films per annum. The first Indian sound film, Ardeshir Irani's Alam Ara (1931), was a super hit. There was clearly a huge market for talkies and musicals; Bollywood and all the regional film industries quickly switched to sound filming.

The 1930s and 1940s were tumultuous times: India was buffeted by the Great Depression, World War II, the Indian independence movement, and the violence of the Partition. Most Bollywood films were unabashedly escapist, but there were also a number of filmmakers who tackled tough social issues, or used the struggle for Indian independence as a backdrop for their plots.